One of the most influential figures in modern dance, Martha Graham (1894–1991) is recognized as a primal artistic force of the 20th century. Born in what is now Pittsburgh’s North Side, she began dancing after moving with her family to California at age 14. She would go on to create 181 ballets and a dance technique that revolutionized the art form by expressing emotion through sharp, angular movements based on contraction and release.

In 1926, from a small Carnegie Hall studio in Manhattan, the visionary dancer founded the Martha Graham Dance Company, which remains one of the world’s leading modern dance troupes. At the same time, she began The Graham School, which stands as the oldest professional school of dance in the United States—and the only one primarily focused on the Martha Graham Technique and repertory.

Her works were often inspired by mythology and history, and she collaborated with important artists, musicians, and designers, helping modern dance gain worldwide recognition.

Throughout her 70-year career, Graham received numerous awards, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom, making her the first dancer and choreographer to be so honored. Her influence continues today, and she is remembered as a pioneer who changed dance forever.